William Nelson Joy commonly known as Bill Joy, is an American computer scientist. He co-founded Sun Microsystems in 1982 along with Vinod KHosla, Scoott McNealy, Andy Bechtolsheim and Vaughan Pratt, and served as chief scientist at the company until 2003.

Joy received a B.S.E.E in Electrical Engineering From the University Of Michigan in 1975. Then He attended graduate school at U.C Berkeley where he was the principal designer of Berkeley UNIX (BSD) and received a M.S in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

In 1997, joy was appointed by Pres. Bill Clinton as co- chairman of the Presidential Information Technology Advisory Committee. The advisory Committee is providing guidance and advice on all areas of high-performance computing, communications and information technologies to accelerate development and adoption of information technologies that will be vital for American prosperity in the 21^st century.

In 2000, Joy gained notoriety with the publication of his article in Wired Magazine, “Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us” Here he declared that he was convinced that growing advances in genetic engineering and nano technology would bring risks to humanity. He argued that intelligent robots would replaced humanity, at the very least in intellectual and social dominance, in the relatively near future. He advocates a position of relinquishment of GNr (Genetics, Nanotechnology and Robotics) technologies, rather going into an arms race between negative uses of the technology and defense against those negative uses.

Despite this, Joy has become a venture capitalist, Investing in GNR Technology companies. He has also raised a specialty venture fund to address the dangers of Pandemic Diseases, such as H%N! Avian Influenza and Bioterrorist Threats. In 2006, he received the Lifeboat Foundation Guardian Award for developing this biosafety venture fund and other actions.

Ranked as the 23^rd most cited scientist in all fields, Dr. Bruce N. Ames is a leading figure in cancer research. For over 20 years, he has worked in the field of mutagenesis and genetic toxicology, changing the direction of the basic and applied research on mutation, cancer and aging.

Dr. Ames is well known for his development of Ames’ mutagenecity test as a tool for the detection of potential carcinogens. His study focuses on the mechanisms that cause DNA damage and its effects on aging and cancer development.

Apart from researching, Dr. Ames has also been teaching Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley since 1967. He is also the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Among the prestigious awards conferred upon Dr. Ames are the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation Prize (1983). The Tyler Prize (1985) and the Gold Medal Award of the American Institute of Chemist (1991). Dr. Ames obtained his Ph. D at the California Institute of Technology and is married for 40 years to Giovanna Ferroluzzi Ames, who is also a professor in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California.